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使用 Transformers Agents 构建具有工具调用超能力的智能体 🦸
作者: Aymeric Roucher
这个 notebook 展示了如何使用 Transformers Agents 来构建出色的智能体！
什么是智能体？智能体是由大型语言模型（LLM）驱动的系统，它们使得 LLM（通过精心设计的提示和输出解析）能够使用特定的工具来解决问题。
这些工具基本上是 LLM 自身无法很好执行的功能：例如，对于像 Llama-3-70B 这样的文本生成 LLM，这可能是一个图像生成工具、网络搜索工具、计算器...
什么是 Transformers Agents ？它是我们 transformers 库的一个扩展，提供了构建自己的智能体的构建块！在文档中了解更多信息。
让我们看看如何使用它，以及它能解决哪些用例。
我们从源代码安装 transformers agents ，你可以使用 pip install transformers[agents] 轻松安装。
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1. 🏞️ 多模态 + 🌐 网络浏览助手
对于这个用例，我们想要展示一个能够浏览网络并能够生成图像的智能体。
为了构建它，我们只需要准备两个工具：图像生成和网络搜索。
- 对于图像生成，我们从 Hub 加载一个工具，该工具使用 HF 推理 API（无服务器）使用 Stable Diffusion 生成图像。
- 对于网络搜索，我们加载一个 LangChain 工具。
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/Users/aymeric/.pyenv/versions/3.12.0/lib/python3.12/site-packages/tqdm/auto.py:21: TqdmWarning: IProgress not found. Please update jupyter and ipywidgets. See https://ipywidgets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/user_install.html from .autonotebook import tqdm as notebook_tqdm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ImportError Traceback (most recent call last) Cell In[3], line 1 ----> 1 from transformers import Tool, load_tool, CodeAgent, InferenceClientModel 3 # Import tool from Hub 4 image_generation_tool = load_tool("m-ric/text-to-image", trust_remote_code=True) ImportError: cannot import name 'InferenceClientModel' from 'transformers' (/Users/aymeric/.pyenv/versions/3.12.0/lib/python3.12/site-packages/transformers/__init__.py)
2. 📚💬 带有迭代查询优化和来源选择的 RAG
快速定义：检索增强生成（RAG）是 “使用大型语言模型（LLM）来回答用户查询，但基于从知识库检索到的信息来构建答案”。
这种方法相比使用普通或微调的 LLM 有许多优势：列举一些，它允许将答案建立在真实事实的基础上并减少虚构，它允许为 LLM 提供特定领域的知识，并且它允许对知识库中的信息访问进行细粒度控制。
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现在假设我们想要执行 RAG，但增加了动态生成某些参数的约束。例如，根据用户查询，我们可能想要将搜索限制在知识库的特定子集，或者我们可能想要调整检索到的文档数量。难点在于：如何根据用户查询动态调整这些参数？
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RAG 的一个常见失败案例是基于用户查询的检索没有返回任何相关的支持文档。有没有一种方法，在之前的结果不相关时，通过修改查询重新调用检索器来进行迭代？
🔧 好吧，我们可以以简单的方式解决上述问题：我们将让我们的智能体控制检索器的参数！
➡️ 让我们展示如何做到这一点。我们首先加载一个我们想要执行 RAG 的知识库：这个数据集是许多 huggingface 包的文档页面汇总，以 markdown 格式存储。
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/Users/aymeric/.pyenv/versions/3.12.0/lib/python3.12/site-packages/tqdm/auto.py:21: TqdmWarning: IProgress not found. Please update jupyter and ipywidgets. See https://ipywidgets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/user_install.html from .autonotebook import tqdm as notebook_tqdm
现在我们通过处理数据集并将其存储到向量数据库中来准备知识库，以便检索器使用。我们将使用 LangChain，因为它具有用于向量数据库的优秀工具：
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现在我们已经准备好了数据库，让我们构建一个基于它回答用户查询的 RAG 系统！
我们希望我们的系统根据查询只从最相关的信息来源中选择。
我们的文档页面来自以下来源：
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['evaluate', 'course', 'deep-rl-class', 'peft', 'hf-endpoints-documentation', 'blog', 'gradio', 'datasets', 'datasets-server', 'transformers', 'optimum', 'hub-docs', 'pytorch-image-models', 'diffusers']
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可选：将你的检索器工具分享到 Hub
要将你的工具分享到 Hub，首先将检索器工具定义单元格中的代码复制粘贴到一个名为例如 retriever.py 的新文件中。
当工具从单独的文件加载后，你可以使用以下代码将其推送到 Hub（确保使用具有写入访问权限的 token 登录）
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运行智能体!
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A new version of the following files was downloaded from https://huggingface.co/spaces/m-ric/retriever-tool: - retriever.py . Make sure to double-check they do not contain any added malicious code. To avoid downloading new versions of the code file, you can pin a revision. ======== New task ======== Please show me a LORA finetuning script Calling tool: 'retriever' with arguments: {'number_of_documents': '5', 'query': 'LORA finetuning script', 'source': "['transformers', 'blog']"} Calling tool: 'retriever' with arguments: {'number_of_documents': '5', 'query': 'LORA finetuning script'} Calling tool: 'retriever' with arguments: {'number_of_documents': '5', 'query': 'train_text_to_image_lora.py'} Calling tool: 'final_answer' with arguments: https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/blob/main/examples/text_to_image/train_text_to_image_lora.py
Final output: https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/blob/main/examples/text_to_image/train_text_to_image_lora.py
发生了什么？首先，智能体启动了检索器，并考虑了特定的来源（['transformers', 'blog']）。
但是这次检索没有产生足够的结果 ⇒ 没关系！智能体可以迭代之前的结果，因此它只是用不那么严格的搜索参数重新运行了它的检索。
因此，研究成功了！
请注意，使用调用检索器作为工具并可以动态修改查询和其他检索参数的 LLM 智能体是 RAG 的更一般的表述，这也涵盖了像迭代查询优化这样的许多 RAG 改进技术。
3. 💻 调试 Python 代码
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======== New task ======== I have some code that creates a bug: please debug it and return the final code You have been provided with these initial arguments: {'code': '\nlist=[0, 1, 2]\n\nfor i in range(4):\n print(list(i))\n'}. ==== Agent is executing the code below: list=[0, 1, 2] print(list) for i in range(4): print(list[i]) ==== Failed while trying to execute the code below: list=[0, 1, 2] print(list) for i in range(4): print(list[i]) This failed due to the following error: list index out of range Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/aymeric/Documents/Code/original_transformers/transformers/src/transformers/agents/agents.py", line 823, in step result = self.python_evaluator(code_action, available_tools, state=self.state) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "/Users/aymeric/Documents/Code/original_transformers/transformers/src/transformers/agents/python_interpreter.py", line 511, in evaluate_python_code line_result = evaluate_ast(node, state, tools) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "/Users/aymeric/Documents/Code/original_transformers/transformers/src/transformers/agents/python_interpreter.py", line 404, in evaluate_ast return evaluate_for(expression, state, tools) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "/Users/aymeric/Documents/Code/original_transformers/transformers/src/transformers/agents/python_interpreter.py", line 313, in evaluate_for line_result = evaluate_ast(node, state, tools) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "/Users/aymeric/Documents/Code/original_transformers/transformers/src/transformers/agents/python_interpreter.py", line 401, in evaluate_ast return evaluate_ast(expression.value, state, tools) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "/Users/aymeric/Documents/Code/original_transformers/transformers/src/transformers/agents/python_interpreter.py", line 365, in evaluate_ast return evaluate_call(expression, state, tools) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "/Users/aymeric/Documents/Code/original_transformers/transformers/src/transformers/agents/python_interpreter.py", line 215, in evaluate_call args = [evaluate_ast(arg, state, tools) for arg in call.args] ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "/Users/aymeric/Documents/Code/original_transformers/transformers/src/transformers/agents/python_interpreter.py", line 423, in evaluate_ast return evaluate_subscript(expression, state, tools) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "/Users/aymeric/Documents/Code/original_transformers/transformers/src/transformers/agents/python_interpreter.py", line 236, in evaluate_subscript return value[int(index)] ~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^ IndexError: list index out of range During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/aymeric/Documents/Code/original_transformers/transformers/src/transformers/agents/agents.py", line 623, in run final_answer = self.step() ^^^^^^^^^^^ File "/Users/aymeric/Documents/Code/original_transformers/transformers/src/transformers/agents/agents.py", line 832, in step raise AgentExecutionError(error_msg) transformers.agents.agents.AgentExecutionError: Failed while trying to execute the code below: list=[0, 1, 2] print(list) for i in range(4): print(list[i]) This failed due to the following error: list index out of range ==== Agent is executing the code below: list=[0, 1, 2] print(list) for i in range(3): print(list[i]) ==== Print outputs: [0, 1, 2] 0 1 2 ==== Agent is executing the code below: list=[0, 1, 2] print(list) for i in range(3): print(list[i]) ==== Print outputs: [0, 1, 2] 0 1 2 ==== Agent is executing the code below: list=[0, 1, 2] print(list) for i in range(len(list)): print(list[i]) ==== Print outputs: [0, 1, 2] 0 1 2 ==== Agent is executing the code below: list=[0, 1, 2] print(list) for i in range(3): print(list[i]) final_answer(code) ==== Print outputs: [0, 1, 2] 0 1 2 >>> Final answer: list=[0, 1, 2] for i in range(4): print(list(i))
正如你所看到的，智能体尝试了给定的代码，遇到错误，分析错误，纠正代码，并在验证代码可以正常工作后返回它！
最终的代码是纠正后的代码：
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list=[0, 1, 2]
for i in range(4):
print(list(i))
4. 创建你自己的 LLM 引擎（OpenAI）
设置你自己的 LLM 引擎真的非常简单：
它只需要一个具有以下标准的__call__方法：
- 接受ChatML 格式的消息列表作为输入并输出答案。
- 接受一个
stop_sequences参数，以传递生成停止的序列。 - 根据你的 LLM 接受哪种类型的消息角色，你可能还需要转换一些消息角色。
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======== New task ======== I have some code that creates a bug: please debug it and return the final code You have been provided with these initial arguments: {'code': '\nlist=[0, 1, 2]\n\nfor i in range(4):\n print(list(i))\n'}. ==== Agent is executing the code below: my_list = [0, 1, 2] # Renamed the list to avoid using the built-in name for i in range(len(my_list)): # Changed the range to be within the length of the list print(my_list[i]) # Corrected the list access syntax ==== Print outputs: 0 1 2 ==== Agent is executing the code below: my_list = [0, 1, 2] # Renamed the list to avoid using the built-in name for i in range(len(my_list)): # Changed the range to be within the length of the list print(my_list[i]) # Corrected the list access syntax ==== Print outputs: 0 1 2 ==== Agent is executing the code below: corrected_code = ''' my_list = [0, 1, 2] # Renamed the list to avoid using the built-in name for i in range(len(my_list)): # Changed the range to be within the length of the list print(my_list[i]) # Corrected the list access syntax ''' final_answer(answer=corrected_code) ==== Print outputs: >>> Final answer: my_list = [0, 1, 2] # Renamed the list to avoid using the built-in name for i in range(len(my_list)): # Changed the range to be within the length of the list print(my_list[i]) # Corrected the list access syntax
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my_list = [0, 1, 2] # Renamed the list to avoid using the built-in name
for i in range(len(my_list)): # Changed the range to be within the length of the list
print(my_list[i]) # Corrected the list access syntax